What Is Insulin And Why Do I Need It
Insulin is a hormone that controls the level of blood sugar in your body. People with diabetes may not have enough insulin or may not be able to use it properly. The sugar builds up in the blood and overflows into the urine, passing out of your body unused. Over time, high blood sugar levels can cause serious health problems.
All people with type 1 diabetes, and some people with type 2 diabetes, need to take insulin to help control their blood sugar levels. The goal in treating diabetes is to keep the blood sugar level within a normal range.
What Should I Tell My Healthcare Provider Before Taking Regular Insulin
Before taking regular insulin, tell your provider if you:
- Are allergic to any medications.
- Are pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Have eye diseases or vision issues.
- Have episodes of hypoglycemia.
A note from Cleveland Clinic
Regular insulin is a short-acting insulin that helps people with diabetes control their blood sugar. Take this medication about 30 minutes before a meal. If your healthcare provider has prescribed regular insulin, dont change your dose or stop taking this medication without talking to them. Dont skip meals or exercise more than usual unless youve talked to your provider about adjusting your dose. Changes to what and when you eat, how much you exercise and other medications you take can cause severe side effects.
Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 07/14/2022.
References
Factors Affecting Blood Glucose Elevation
Blood glucose level was significantly elevated 1 day after steroid injection compared to baseline blood glucose, but not 2 days after injection, so we analyzed the relationships between the degree of blood glucose increase 1 day after steroid injection and the various factors.
Both HbA1c > 7% and HbA1c 7% groups had a statistically significant increase in blood glucose 1 day after steroid injection. There was also a significant difference in the increase in blood glucose level between the two groups . In the HbA1c > 7% group, blood glucose level was increased by 99.4±30.7 mg/dL with respect to baseline. In the HbA1c 7% group, blood glucose was increased by 47.6±10.1 mg/dL with respect to baseline. However, there was no significant difference in the decrease in blood glucose levels between the two groups because blood glucose levels had declined to baseline 2 days after steroid injection .
Change in fasting blood sugar level after injection in the HbA1c > 7% group versus the HbA1c 7% group. This figure show the HbA1c > 7% group had a significantly higher degree of FBS increase 1 day after steroid injection than did the HbA1c 7% group. *p< 0.05.
Change in fasting blood sugar level after injection in the insulin group versus the non-insulin group. This figure shows that the insulin group had a significantly higher degree of FBS increase 1 day after steroid injection than did the non-insulin group. *p< 0.05.
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Can I Mix Rapid
You can mix a rapid-acting insulin with an intermediate-acting insulin, according to your doctors instructions. Rapid-acting insulin should always be drawn into the syringe first. This will keep the intermediate-acting insulin from getting into the rapid-acting insulin bottle. After mixing rapid-acting insulin in the same syringe with an intermediate-acting insulin, you must inject the mixture under your skin within 15 minutes. Remember to eat within 15 minutes after the injection.
Check Your Blood Sugar Levels Before Sleeping
Checking your blood sugar levels before sleeping is a good idea to make sure youre not going low. If you are using a glucose meter try to avoid going to bed with hypoglycemia. If you have a continuous glucose monitor make sure you review the
It might take some practice but eventually, this routine could become natural and well be able to have an accurate representation of what our body needs without having to even think about it.
If any numbers seem high at all dont hesitate check with your doctor as soon as possible so they can help you figure out how best to get them under control. We want those numbers right where they should be!
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How To Lower Blood Sugar Without A Pescription
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Some Side Effects Can Be Serious If You Experience Any Of The Following Symptoms Call Your Doctor Immediately:
- rash and/or itching over the whole body
- shortness of breath
- large weight gain in a short period of time
- swelling of the arms, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs
If you experience a serious side effect, you or your doctor may send a report to the Food and Drug Administration’s MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program online or by phone .
Signs Of Blood Sugar Drop
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Exercise And Blood Sugar Testing
When we exercise, our muscles use glucose as a source of energy and this increased energy use persists after exercise, says Celeste Thomas, M.D., assistant professor of medicine in the department of endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism at the University of Chicago. This puts some people with diabetes at risk for low blood sugar during and after exercise. For anyone taking insulin, checking your blood sugar both before and after exercising can help you keep tabs on any sudden drop. Adjusting your blood sugar-lowering medication prior to exercise and eating carbohydrates prior to or during a workout can help stabilize those readings, says Wolf.
Example #: Formulas Commonly Used To Create Insulin Dose Recommendations
This example illustrates a method for calculating of your background/basal and bolus doses and estimated daily insulin dose when you need full insulin replacement. Bear in mind, this may be too much insulin if you are newly diagnosed or still making a lot of insulin on your own. And it may be too little if you are very resistant to the action of insulin. Talk to your provider about the best insulin dose for you as this is a general formula and may not meet your individual needs.
The initial calculation of the basal/background and bolus doses requires estimating your total daily insulin dose:
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Choose And Sanitize A Finger To Prick
Choose the finger you are going to prick and use an alcohol swab or wash your hands to clean the area of the fingertip that you will prick. The finger may become tender or bruised after you prick it, especially if you are a newly diagnosed diabetic, so I have always found it best to prick the inside of the fingertip as opposed to the pad of the fingertip because you touch less with the inside of your fingers than you do with your fingertips. Once you have chosen your finger. Let the area dry or wipe it with a cotton swab before proceeding.
Avoiding Injection Bruises And Lumps
Bruising can happen when you catch a tiny blood vessel under the skin where you have injected. It is quite normal for this to happen occasionally when you are injecting regularly and youre not doing anything wrong.
If you are concerned, you could make an appointment with your diabetes specialist nurse who will be able to do a review of your injection technique. In some cases, bleeding and bruising can be reduced by something as simple as using a different sized needle or changing your needle after each injection.
Some people notice hard lumps that can form if you inject in the same place too often. This might be lipohypertrophy , or could be something called cutaneous amyloidosis. These lumps can stop the insulin from working properly, so make sure you rotate where you inject and choose a different spot each time. If you notice any lumps, especially if they’re not going away, speak to your healthcare professional for more advice.
Other side effects from injecting a lot can be itching, rashes and other skin irritations. Changing where you inject helps with this too. You can also get treatments from your local pharmacy that can will help with the irritation.
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How Is Insulin Stored
Insulin is a hormone that will lose its effectiveness if exposed to direct sunlight or high temperatures. It should be kept in the refrigerator, but it should not be frozen. If you have any doubt about the storage of your dog’s insulin, it is safer to replace it rather than risk using ineffective insulin. Insulin is safe as long as it is used as directed. Keep it out of reach of children.
Insulin comes in an airtight bottle that is labeled with the insulin type and the concentration. It is important to make sure you match the insulin concentration with the proper insulin needles. Insulin needles show their measurement in “units per mL”, which must correspond to the concentration of the insulin you are using. There are two common forms of insulin and corresponding syringes: U-100 and U-40. Your veterinarian will instruct you on which type of insulin you are using and which type of syringe you should use.
What Is Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Continuous glucose monitoring automatically tracks blood glucose levels, also called blood sugar, throughout the day and night. You can see your glucose level anytime at a glance. You can also review how your glucose changes over a few hours or days to see trends. Seeing glucose levels in real time can help you make more informed decisions throughout the day about how to balance your food, physical activity, and medicines.
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Why Is This Medication Prescribed
Human insulin is used to control blood sugar in people who have type 1 diabetes or in people who have type 2 diabetes that cannot be controlled with oral medications alone. Human insulin is in a class of medications called hormones. Human insulin is used to take the place of insulin that is normally produced by the body. It works by helping move sugar from the blood into other body tissues where it is used for energy. It also stops the liver from producing more sugar. All of the types of insulin that are available work in this way. The types of insulin differ only in how quickly they begin to work and how long they continue to control blood sugar.
Over time, people who have diabetes and high blood sugar can develop serious or life-threatening complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney problems, nerve damage, and eye problems. Using medication, making lifestyle changes , and regularly checking your blood sugar may help to manage your diabetes and improve your health. This therapy may also decrease your chances of having a heart attack, stroke, or other diabetes-related complications such as kidney failure, nerve damage , eye problems, including changes or loss of vision, or gum disease. Your doctor and other healthcare providers will talk to you about the best way to manage your diabetes.
Determining Correctional Units Of Insulin
After about five seconds your meter will tell you what your blood sugar is. To determine how many units of insulin need to be taken, you must first determine your correction units. Your doctor will tell you the range that you should try to keep your blood sugar within, and they will tell you how to correct. Personally, my range is 100 to 140, and my correction ratio is one unit for every 30 that I am over. For instance, in this photo my blood sugar is 192, so I rounded up to 200, requiring 2 units of correctional insulin. The range and ratio will be different for each person based on age, weight, gender, type of diabetes, and so on, so you will need to know your range and correction ratio or that of the person you are injecting and do the math accordingly.
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When To Test Your Blood Sugar
Depending on your unique needs, they may suggest testing blood sugar at any of the following times:
1. Before breakfast
Testing before youve had anything to eat or drink in the morning, also known as a fasting blood sugar, can let you know how well your body manages blood sugar while you sleep. It also gives you a baseline to see changes in your blood sugar throughout the day.
2. Before each meal
Checking blood sugar before meals tells people who inject insulin if they need to take a correction dose of insulin in addition to taking their bolus insulin to cover the meal. When testing in pairs , a pre-meal reading can act as a reference for how the food you eat and any pre-meal medications affect your glucose levels.
3. After each meal
The food you consume has a large effect on your blood sugar levels. The American Diabetes Association recommends testing 1 to 2 hours after the start of a meal. To determine if your blood sugar level is where it should be, work with your healthcare professional to establish your target after-meal glucose range.
4. Before bedtime
A blood sugar reading taken before bedtime can tell you if your blood sugar is in a safe range, or if you need to have a snack before going to bed. It is also a point of reference for your morning blood sugar test, to compare and get a picture of how your blood sugar levels changed overnight.
5. In the middle of the night
6. Before, during, and after physical activity
8. When youre sick or stressed
Stress And Blood Sugar Testing
Whether physical or psychological, any stress has the same effect. Stress hormones such as cortisol push the liver to produce more sugars and make the body more resistant to insulin, says Dr. Hatipoglu. The result: higher blood sugar levels. Of course, everyone gets stressed at times. But its chronic stress and its effect among people with diabeteswho are not able to process the additional sugarthats especially problematic. Your best strategy: Monitor blood sugar levels frequently and, if needed, adjust the treatment to prevent any complications, he says.
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